Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierluca Massaro Author-Workplace-Name: University ”Aldo Moro” of Bari, Bari, Italy Title: ”Crisis and contradictions of the Italian penitentiary system, ten years after the declaration of the state of emergency” Abstract: The Italian penitentiary system seems to be experiencing a situation of constant emergency, in particular because of the problem of overcrowding. Since the early 1990s, a populistically oriented criminal policy has tried to ride the wave of social alarmism on the topic of crime. A demagogic use of criminal law that lost its subsidiary function to acquire a symbolic function of production of common enemies to fight, as individuals potentially dangerous to society, which only it can effectively tackle. The criminalization of drug addiction first and of irregular immigration then, together with a massive recourse to pre-trial detention, represent the main stages of the imprisonment process that led to the collapse of Italian prisons, with a occupancy level with few equals in Europe. In this context, one year after the first sentence pronounced by the European Court of Human Rights against Italy, in 2010 the state of emergency of prisons in Italy was declared. The problem was not addressed by rethinking policies, but by imagining mechanisms for decongesting prisons without a broader vision. Nevertheless, the deflationary measures introduced in the last ten years have only temporarily managed to reverse the trend, and only in the context of the coronavirus disease emergency the problem of overcrowding has been downsized. The present paper aims to analyse the contradictions and shortcomings of the Italian criminal policy in the social contest of the past thirty years, and its responsibilities for the crisis of the penitentiary system. Classification-JEL: K40, K49, F52, I38 Keywords: criminal policy, prison, overcrowding, penal populism, fear of crime Journal: Sociology and Social Work Review Pages: 7-18 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://globalresearchpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Crisis-and-contradictions-of-the-Italian-penitentiary-system-ten-years-after-the-declaration-of-the-state-of-emergency.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEC:edr:sswrgl:v:4:y:2020:i:1:p:7-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morena Altieri Author-Workplace-Name: University of Naples ”L´Orientale”, Naples, Italy Title: "The spread of slavery in the Age of Globalization" Abstract: According to the definition expressed by the world Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (O.C.S.E.), globalization is the process through which production and markets of the different countries of the world become increasingly Independent of each other in the context of the exchange of goods and services for capital movements, facilitated by modern communication technologies, such as the Internet in the first place. Although Global wealth has been increasing, with regard to profits, this process exacerbates the inequalities between the North and South of the world, between strong and weak Countries, as the latter know enormous capital gains from the former, due to the Low cost of the workforce, given the practical absence of any legal and Union protection. Those that are called new slavery Find in these postmodern economic processes their ground of culture, because the location of the capitals in the poor countries, produces a workforce of slaves, of workers on which one exerts an absolute control and Coercive. Slavery unfortunately is not a reminder of a past memory, even today millions of people live in these conditions even if officially slavery is condemned and prohibited by all States. We do not know the exact number of modern slaves, we speak of some tens of millions, and many are children. Modern forms of slavery take on different names, slavery for debts, serfdom, forced labour, sexual exploitation, premature marriage slavery for ritual or religious reasons, but they all have a common denominator: it's about compulsion to the work of human beings who have become the property of another person. Slaves are always part of the poorest and most vulnerable sectors of society. It is a kind of group with a lower social status, indigenous populations or nomadic groups, very often women and children. But They do not become slaves because of their belonging, but this is what predisposes them to poverty and exploitation and therefore to slavery. Classification-JEL: K40, I38, F60 Keywords: globalization, slavery, international rights, conventions, European Union, UN, International Organizations. Journal: Sociology and Social Work Review Pages: 19-30 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://globalresearchpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/The-spread-of-slavery-in-the-Age-of-Globalization.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEC:edr:sswrgl:v:4:y:2020:i:1:p:19-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristina Ilie Goga Author-Workplace-Name: University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania Title: "Is Romania in a social and economic crisis caused by emigration? The new policy of the Romanian state on migration" Abstract: Romania is a major labor force exporter, especially for other European Union states. Starting with 1990, more than three and a half million people left Romania, almost a quarter of the population of this state. The Romanian Government has witnessed this phenomenon for many years, often seeing it as a positive phenomenon, although experts in the field have warned on the devastating effects of the phenomenon on longterm. The presentation focuses on answering a question: Is Romania in a social and economic crisis caused by emigration? Analyzing the socio-economic situation, the answer is undoubtedly ”Yes”. The effects are devastating: demographic decline, decrease of workforce, emigration of doctors and highly qualified specialists, children left home without protection and many others. In this context, in the last three years, the Romanian state has begun to apply an aggressive policy to attract back the Romanian emigrants and to fill the labor market deficit with workers from other countries.. Classification-JEL: J60, J61, J68 Keywords: emigration, immigration, Romania, migration policy. Journal: Sociology and Social Work Review Pages: 31-37 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://globalresearchpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Is-Romania-in-a-social-and-economic-crisis-caused-by-emigration.-The-new-policy-of-the-Romanian-state-on-migration.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEC:edr:sswrgl:v:4:y:2020:i:1:p:31-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iolanda Romualdi Author-Workplace-Name: University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Italy Title: " Social finance, pay by result and social impact bond. A potential tool to facilitate social and professional rehabilitation of prisoners. Analysis of a specific case in the European Community. The state of play in Italian context" Abstract: This article analyzes the new paradigms of impact investing and the relationship with social experimentation contexts, specifically, the Criminal Justice sector, where Pay by Result (PbR) and Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) start to be used as potential tools to foster the social and labor reintegration of detainees, reducing the percentage of recidivism and overcrowding. A new paradigm of social finance and an ideological transformation model aimed at supporting specific social policies that leverage the relationship between the public and private sectors, capable of restoring potential socio-economic benefits for the State and society as a whole through the balanced involvement of economic, social and cultural capital. After a brief description of what is meant in the literature for SIBs and PbR, and after having drawn a general profile of some international contexts (British and US) in which the SIBs were introduced as instruments of social finance and possible means of solving the problem of the prison recurrence, we introduce the state of the art of the Italian case and the action plan that was decided to experiment in Italy in order to favor the social and working reintegration of the detained persons. In particular, after having brought as examples of experimentation the projects already started in Peterborough Prison, in the UK, and in the Rikers Island juvenile prison in the United States, the article illustrates, in general, the possibilities of feasibility and the state of play of the use of SIBs in the European context, specifically, in Italy, in the Lorusso-Cutugno prison in Turin. In this Italian prison, in fact, the Foundation Human Foundation with its collaborators has designed and launched a feasibility study since 2016, through an accurate work of analysis and experimental research, to test this new paradigm of social finance between potential limits, opportunities and risks. Classification-JEL: K40, K41, K42 Keywords: social impact bond (SIB), pay by result (PbR), social finance; prison, recidivism, overcrowding, alternative to detention, social rehabilitation, prison Lorusso -Cutugno. Journal: Sociology and Social Work Review Pages: 38-55 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://globalresearchpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Social-finance-pay-by-result-and-social-impact-bond.-A-potential-tool-to-facilitate-social-and-professional-rehabilitation-of-prisoners.-Analysis-of-a-specific-case-in-the-Europe.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEC:edr:sswrgl:v:4:y:2020:i:1:p:38-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mihaela—Cristina Pârvu Author-Workplace-Name: University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania Author-Name: Andreea-Mihaela Niță Author-Workplace-Name: University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania Title: "Social projects financed from European Funds as a community development instrument in Romania" Abstract: Community development is a broadly used concept that describes the process of building sustainable communities, by promoting social justice and mutual support. Although it refers to all community groups, it usually aims at supporting the disadvantaged and marginalized groups in overcoming their difficulties and at reducing social and economic disparities. One of the most efficient instruments of achieving community development are social programs, implemented through social projects. Since its’ accession to the European Union and even in the pre-accession phase, Romania benefited from the financial instruments made available by the EU for all member or future member states. These instruments were translated into a big step ahead in the direction of social inclusion, reducing social and economical disparities, integration of minorities and support for vulnerable groups. Romania must take full advantage of these financing opportunities and convert the European support into the most efficient modality of addressing its’ most urgent and difficult social problems. Classification-JEL: O20, O21, F53 Keywords: community development, social projects, social problems, European funds, Implementation, development. Journal: Sociology and Social Work Review Pages: 55-65 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://globalresearchpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Social-projects-financed-from-European-Funds-as-a-community-development-instrument-in-Romania.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEC:edr:sswrgl:v:4:y:2020:i:1:p:55-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adrian-Nicolae Dan Author-Workplace-Name: University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania Title: "Cristina Ilie Goga, Eugenia Udangiu, Sociologie juridică. Note de curs [Sociology of law. Course notes], Craiova, Sitech, Publishing House, 2020, 190 pp., ISBN: 978-606-11-7390-7" Abstract: This paper is a review of the book Sociologie juridică. Note de curs [Sociology of law. Course notes], Craiova, Sitech, Publishing House, 2020, 190 pp., ISBN: 978-606-11-7390-7, published by Cristina Ilie Goga and Eugenia Udangiu. Classification-JEL: Y3, K40 Keywords: Sociologie juridică. Note de curs, Sociology of law. Course notes,book review. Journal: Sociology and Social Work Review Pages: 66-67 Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Year: 2020 Month: June File-URL: https://globalresearchpublishing.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Sociologie-juridica%CC%86.-Note-de-curs-Sociology-of-law.-Course-notes.-Book-Review.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEC:edr:sswrgl:v:4:y:2020:i:1:p:66-67